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Higher: the present subjunctive

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The subjunctive is a verb form used after certain triggers: talking about the future with cuando, wishing that someone else does something, and saying 'so that'.

Forming it

Take the yo form of the present, remove the -o, and add the 'opposite' endings.
-ar verbs take e: hablar: hable, hables, hable.
-er and -ir verbs take a: comer: coma, comas, coma; vivir: viva.
You need the singular persons (yo, tú, él / ella).

Five key irregulars

Learn these singular forms.

When to use it

cuando + subjunctive for the future: Cuando sea mayor, seré médico. Cuando tenga dieciocho años, iré a la universidad.
Wishes, commands, requests and emotions + que + a different subject: Quiero que vengas. Espero que haga buen tiempo. Mis padres quieren que estudie más.
Purpose with para que: Te ayudo para que tengas más tiempo.
Worked example

Translate: When I am older, I will live in Spain.

  1. when + future meaning = cuando + subjunctive
  2. I am older: ser becomes sea, so cuando sea mayor
  3. I will live = viviré (future)

Answer: Cuando sea mayor, viviré en España.

Key idea

Subjunctive: yo form minus -o, then -ar takes e, -er / -ir take a. Learn haga, tenga, venga, sea, vaya. Use it after cuando (future), quiero / espero que + another person, and para que.

The interactive lesson includes the diagrams for this topic.

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