Open the app
  1. Home
  2. Lessons
  3. GCSE & IGCSE Spanish
  4. Higher: the passive, desde hace, acabar de, seguir and llevar

Higher: the passive, desde hace, acabar de, seguir and llevar

🎬 The doodle video for this lesson is coming soon. Subscribe on YouTube to see it first.

These Higher structures let you say what was done by someone, how long you have been doing something and what you have just done.

The passive

ser + past participle + por. The participle agrees with the subject.
El Quijote fue escrito por Cervantes. (was written by)
Los cuadros fueron pintados por mi abuela.
Spanish often uses se instead: Se habla español. (Spanish is spoken.) Se venden pisos. (Flats for sale.)

Time expressions

present tense + desde hace + time = have been doing for: Estudio español desde hace tres años. (I have been studying Spanish for three years.)
llevar + time + gerund, same meaning: Llevo tres años estudiando español.
seguir + gerund = still doing: Sigo viviendo en Madrid. (I am still living in Madrid.)

Acabar de

acabar de + infinitive = to have just done.
Acabo de llegar. (I have just arrived.) Acabamos de comer. (We have just eaten.)
Worked example

Translate: I have been playing the piano for five years.

  1. English 'have been doing for' = Spanish present tense + desde hace
  2. toco el piano + desde hace cinco años
  3. Or: llevo cinco años tocando el piano

Answer: Toco el piano desde hace cinco años.

Key idea

Passive: ser + participle (agreeing) + por, or se + verb. Present + desde hace = have been doing for. Llevar + time + gerund. Seguir + gerund = still. Acabar de + infinitive = have just.

Check you have got it

Answer 6 quick questions with instant marking. If you get one wrong, GCSE-ready shows you why and gives you another go. It is free, and you do not need an account.