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Stem-changing and irregular present verbs

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Many common verbs change their stem in the present tense. Others are irregular only in the yo form.

Stem changes

The change happens in every form except nosotros and vosotros.
o to ue: poder (puedo), dormir (duermo), volver (vuelvo), encontrar (encuentro)
e to ie: querer (quiero), pensar (pienso), preferir (prefiero), empezar (empiezo)
e to i: pedir (pido), repetir (repito)
u to ue: jugar (juego)

Irregular yo forms

poner: pongo, hacer: hago, salir: salgo, traer: traigo, tener: tengo (then tienes, tiene...), venir: vengo (then vienes, viene...).
conocer: conozco (c to zc), saber: sé, ver: veo, dar: doy.

Fully irregular

ser: soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son
ir: voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van
estar: estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están
Worked example

Translate: I prefer tea but we prefer coffee.

  1. preferir changes e to ie: prefiero
  2. nosotros has no change: preferimos
  3. Spanish uses the article: el té, el café

Answer: Prefiero el té pero preferimos el café.

Key idea

Stem changes (o to ue, e to ie, e to i, u to ue) happen in all forms except nosotros and vosotros. Learn the yo forms pongo, hago, salgo, tengo, vengo, conozco, sé.

The interactive lesson includes the diagrams for this topic.

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