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Food and drink: du, de la, des and negatives

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To say what you eat and drink, French uses a word for "some" that changes with the noun. After a negative it shrinks to de.

Some: the partitive

Negatives and quantities

After a negative, du, de la and des become de (or d'): Je ne mange pas de viande.
After quantities use de too: beaucoup de fruits, un peu de sucre, une bouteille d'eau, trop de chocolat.
After aimer, adorer and détester use le, la, les: J'aime le poisson.

Four negatives

ne ... pas = not: Je ne bois pas de café.
ne ... jamais = never: Je ne mange jamais de viande.
ne ... rien = nothing: Je ne mange rien le matin.
ne ... personne = nobody: Je ne vois personne.
Ne goes before the verb, and pas, jamais, rien or personne goes after it. Ne becomes n' before a vowel.
Worked example

Translate: I eat vegetables but I never eat meat.

  1. I eat vegetables: je mange des légumes.
  2. Never: ne ... jamais around mange.
  3. After a negative: de viande.

Answer: Je mange des légumes mais je ne mange jamais de viande.

Key idea

Some = du, de la, de l', des. After a negative or a quantity, use de: pas de viande, beaucoup de fruits. Ne goes before the verb; pas, jamais, rien or personne goes after.

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