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Weather and seasons: كان and سيكون

Weather is perfect for showing three time frames: what it is like, what it was like and what it will be like.

Weather words

الطَّقْس / الجَوّ = the weather. الجَوُّ حارّ hot, بارِد cold, مُعْتَدِل mild, مُشْمِس sunny, غائِم cloudy, مُمْطِر rainy.
تُمْطِرُ = it rains. تَهُبُّ الرِّياح = it is windy (the wind blows). يَتَساقَطُ الثَّلْج = it snows.
الصَّيْف summer, الشِّتاء winter, الرَّبيع spring, الخَريف autumn.

Three time frames

Comparing places

في الصَّيْفِ يَكونُ الجَوُّ حارًّا جِدًّا في الخَليج = In summer the weather is very hot in the Gulf.
في بَريطانْيا تُمْطِرُ كَثيرًا = In Britain it rains a lot.
الشِّتاءُ في لُبْنانَ أَبْرَدُ مِنَ الشِّتاءِ في مِصْر = Winter in Lebanon is colder than winter in Egypt.
Worked example

Translate: Yesterday the weather was cold, but tomorrow it will be sunny.

  1. Yesterday: أمس; was cold: كان الجو باردًا.
  2. But: لكنّ or لكنْ.
  3. Tomorrow it will be sunny: غدًا سيكون الجو مشمسًا.

Answer: أمس كان الجو باردًا، لكنْ غدًا سيكون الجو مشمسًا.

Key idea

Present: الجو حار. Past: كان الجو حارًا. Future: سيكون الجو حارًا (adjective with ـًا after كان and سيكون). Seasons: الصيف، الشتاء، الربيع، الخريف.

The interactive lesson includes the diagrams for this topic.

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