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The search for a lasting peace, 1987 to 2012
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From 1987 to 2012 there were real moves towards peace, but violence repeatedly broke out again.
Intifada and Oslo
The First Intifada (uprising) by Palestinians in the occupied territories began in 1987.
Hamas was founded in 1987 and opposed recognising Israel.
Secret talks led to the Oslo Peace Accords (1993): Israel and the PLO recognised each other, and Palestinians gained limited self-rule. Israel's Prime Minister Rabin and Arafat shook hands at the White House, with the USA as host.
Hamas was founded in 1987 and opposed recognising Israel.
Secret talks led to the Oslo Peace Accords (1993): Israel and the PLO recognised each other, and Palestinians gained limited self-rule. Israel's Prime Minister Rabin and Arafat shook hands at the White House, with the USA as host.
Setbacks
Rabin was assassinated in 1995 by an Israeli extremist.
Netanyahu, more sceptical of Oslo, became Prime Minister in 1996.
The Second Intifada began in 2000, with suicide bombings and Israeli military operations.
Hezbollah, based in Lebanon, fought Israel.
Netanyahu, more sceptical of Oslo, became Prime Minister in 1996.
The Second Intifada began in 2000, with suicide bombings and Israeli military operations.
Hezbollah, based in Lebanon, fought Israel.
Later efforts
The Roadmap for Peace (2003), backed by the USA, EU, UN and Russia, set out steps towards two states, but stalled.
In the Gaza War (2008 to 09), Israel attacked Gaza, which Hamas controlled, after rocket fire; many Palestinians were killed.
In the Gaza War (2008 to 09), Israel attacked Gaza, which Hamas controlled, after rocket fire; many Palestinians were killed.
Why did the Oslo Accords fail to bring lasting peace?
- Extremists on both sides opposed them.
- Rabin was assassinated in 1995, and later leaders were less committed.
- Violence, including the Second Intifada, destroyed trust.
Answer: Opposition from extremists, Rabin's assassination and renewed violence undermined them.
The First Intifada (1987) and the rise of Hamas. Oslo Accords (1993): mutual recognition and limited Palestinian self-rule. Rabin assassinated (1995); Netanyahu (1996); the Second Intifada (2000); Hezbollah. The 2003 Roadmap stalled; the Gaza War (2008 to 09).
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