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Four key verbs: être, avoir, aller, faire

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Être, avoir, aller and faire are the four most useful verbs in French. They are irregular, so you learn them by heart, and they turn up in every paper.

The four verbs

Avoir where English says "be"

French uses avoir for age and some feelings:
J'ai quinze ans. = I am fifteen.
J'ai faim. = I am hungry. J'ai soif. = I am thirsty.
Use être for what someone is like or what job they do: Ma mère est professeur. (no word for "a" before a job).

Aller and faire in action

aller à + a place: à + le = au, à + la = à la, à + les = aux.
Je vais au cinéma. Nous allons à la plage.
faire for activities and weather: Je fais mes devoirs (I do my homework). Il fait beau (the weather is nice). Il fait froid (it is cold). Il fait chaud (it is hot).
Worked example

Translate: We are going to the park and they are doing their homework.

  1. We are going: nous allons. Le parc is masculine, so au parc.
  2. They are doing: ils font.
  3. Their homework: leurs devoirs.

Answer: Nous allons au parc et ils font leurs devoirs.

Key idea

Learn être, avoir, aller and faire by heart; the ils forms are sont, ont, vont, font. Use avoir for age, hunger and thirst (j'ai quinze ans, j'ai faim). Aller à: au, à la, aux. Faire for activities and weather.

The interactive lesson includes the diagrams for this topic.

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