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- The early Nazi Party and the Munich Putsch, 1919 to 28
The early Nazi Party and the Munich Putsch, 1919 to 28
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In 1919 Hitler joined a tiny party in Munich. By 1923 he tried to seize power by force, failed, and rebuilt the party in a new way.
Hitler joins the party, 1919 to 22
Hitler joined the German Workers' Party (DAP) in 1919. He was a powerful speaker and soon became its leading figure.
In 1920 it became the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), the Nazi Party, and set out its Twenty-Five Point Programme: scrap Versailles, unite all German speakers, exclude Jewish people from citizenship, and strong central government.
Hitler became leader in 1921. The SA (stormtroopers) protected meetings and attacked opponents.
In 1920 it became the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP), the Nazi Party, and set out its Twenty-Five Point Programme: scrap Versailles, unite all German speakers, exclude Jewish people from citizenship, and strong central government.
Hitler became leader in 1921. The SA (stormtroopers) protected meetings and attacked opponents.
The Munich Putsch, November 1923
Why: anger at the Republic in the crisis of 1923, and Mussolini's march on Rome.
Events: on 8 November 1923 Hitler burst into a meeting at a Munich beer hall; next day the Nazis marched through Munich with Ludendorff, but police opened fire and the putsch collapsed.
Consequences: Hitler was tried, used the trial for publicity, and served about nine months in Landsberg prison, where he wrote Mein Kampf.
Events: on 8 November 1923 Hitler burst into a meeting at a Munich beer hall; next day the Nazis marched through Munich with Ludendorff, but police opened fire and the putsch collapsed.
Consequences: Hitler was tried, used the trial for publicity, and served about nine months in Landsberg prison, where he wrote Mein Kampf.
The 'lean years', 1924 to 28
Hitler decided to win power legally, through elections.
Support was limited because the economy recovered under Stresemann. In 1928 the Nazis won only 12 seats.
Reorganisation: the party set up branches across Germany, the SS (1925) and the Hitler Youth (1926). At the Bamberg Conference (1926) Hitler defeated rivals and confirmed his total leadership.
Support was limited because the economy recovered under Stresemann. In 1928 the Nazis won only 12 seats.
Reorganisation: the party set up branches across Germany, the SS (1925) and the Hitler Youth (1926). At the Bamberg Conference (1926) Hitler defeated rivals and confirmed his total leadership.
Explain one consequence of the Munich Putsch for the Nazi Party.
- Hitler's trial was reported across Germany.
- He used it to spread his ideas and became nationally known.
- In prison he wrote Mein Kampf and decided to win power through elections.
Answer: It made Hitler nationally famous and convinced him to seek power legally.
1919: Hitler joins the DAP; 1920: renamed NSDAP, Twenty-Five Points; 1921: Hitler leader, SA formed. November 1923: Munich Putsch fails; Hitler writes Mein Kampf in prison. 1924 to 28: limited support, but reorganisation, SS, Hitler Youth and the Bamberg Conference (1926).
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