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PANs, network models, ring topology and mobile networks
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The International GCSE adds a few more network types and layouts, plus the mobile networks in your pocket.
PAN, client-server and peer-to-peer
A PAN (personal area network) connects devices around one person over a few metres, such as a phone to wireless headphones using Bluetooth.
Client-server: a central server provides services such as files, email or web pages to clients. Easy to manage, back up and secure centrally, but if the server fails, clients lose the service, and servers cost money.
Peer-to-peer: all computers are equal and share directly with each other. Cheap and simple, but there is no central management or backup.
Client-server: a central server provides services such as files, email or web pages to clients. Easy to manage, back up and secure centrally, but if the server fails, clients lose the service, and servers cost money.
Peer-to-peer: all computers are equal and share directly with each other. Cheap and simple, but there is no central management or backup.
Ring topology
Each device connects to exactly two others, forming a loop.
Data travels around the ring in one direction, passing through each device until it reaches its destination.
There are no collisions, but in a simple ring, if one device or cable fails, the whole network can stop.
Data travels around the ring in one direction, passing through each device until it reaches its destination.
There are no collisions, but in a simple ring, if one device or cable fails, the whole network can stop.
Mobile communication standards
Mobile networks are improved in generations: 3G, 4G, 5G and onwards.
Each generation gives faster data speeds and lower latency.
3G made mobile internet practical, 4G made smooth video streaming on phones normal, and 5G adds even higher speeds, lower latency and support for many more connected devices.
Each generation gives faster data speeds and lower latency.
3G made mobile internet practical, 4G made smooth video streaming on phones normal, and 5G adds even higher speeds, lower latency and support for many more connected devices.
A small office of 4 people shares a few files and wants a cheap network. Client-server or peer-to-peer?
- Few users and simple sharing.
- No need for a costly server or a network manager.
Answer: Peer-to-peer
A PAN links devices around one person. Client-server uses a central server; peer-to-peer shares directly. A ring connects each device to two others. Each mobile generation (3G, 4G, 5G) is faster with lower latency.
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