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Inside a computer: input, process, output and storage
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At KS3 you learned the parts of a computer. GCSE builds on this, so make sure the basic words are secure.
Hardware and software
Hardware is the physical parts you can touch: the processor, memory, keyboard, screen.
Software is the programs that run on the hardware.
System software (such as the operating system) runs the computer itself. Application software (such as a web browser) lets users do tasks.
Software is the programs that run on the hardware.
System software (such as the operating system) runs the computer itself. Application software (such as a web browser) lets users do tasks.
Input, process, output, storage
Memory and storage
The CPU (central processing unit) processes data and instructions.
RAM (main memory) holds the programs and data in use right now. It is volatile: its contents are lost when the power goes off.
Secondary storage (such as an SSD) is non-volatile: it keeps files when the power is off.
RAM (main memory) holds the programs and data in use right now. It is volatile: its contents are lost when the power goes off.
Secondary storage (such as an SSD) is non-volatile: it keeps files when the power is off.
A smart thermostat measures the room temperature, decides whether to switch the heating on, and shows the temperature on a display. Name the input, process and output.
- Input: the temperature sensor reading.
- Process: comparing the temperature with the target.
- Output: the display (and switching the heating).
Answer: Input: temperature sensor; process: compare with target; output: display
Hardware is physical; software is programs. Computers input, process, output and store data. The CPU processes. RAM is volatile main memory; secondary storage is non-volatile.
The interactive lesson includes the diagrams for this topic.
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