Formatting output and string methods

Each {} in a string is a placeholder, filled in order by the values in format(). Inside a placeholder, after a colon: < left-aligns, > right-aligns, then the width, then .2f for a number with 2 decimal places, or d for a whole number.
name = "Ola"
score = 7.456
print("{} scored {:.2f}".format(name, score))
print("[{:>6}]".format("cat"))
print("[{:<6}]".format("cat"))
print("[{:5d}]".format(42))
Output:
Ola scored 7.46
[ cat]
[cat ]
[ 42]

Fixed widths make columns line up neatly:
items = [["Pen", 1.2], ["Notebook", 3.75], ["Bag", 12.5]]
for item in items:
print("{:<10}{:>7.2f}".format(item[0], item[1]))
Output:
Pen          1.20
Notebook     3.75
Bag         12.50

find() gives the position of the first match, or -1 if there is none. replace() swaps every match. isdigit() and isalpha() check what a string contains.
word = "Banana"
print(word.find("an"))
print(word.find("x"))
print(word.replace("a", "o"))
print(word.lower().count("a"))
print("2026".isdigit(), "Year10".isalpha())
Output:
1
-1
Bonono
3
True False

ord() gives a character's code number; chr() turns a code back into a character. round(x, n) rounds to n decimal places.
code = ord("C")
print(code)
print(chr(code + 2))
print(round(3.14159, 2))
Output:
67
E
3.14